A: Two dimensional (2D) postprocessing does not constitute a computed tomographic angiography (CTA) study. When CT scanning is performed using contrast enhanced dynamic-timed imaging and 2D reformatted axial images are obtained or multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) (e.g., coronal, sagittal, or even an off-axis view) are done, this should be reported with a standard CT with contrast code that identifies the anatomic area studied. None of these 2D planar reconstructions qualify as “angiographic” reconstruction.
As noted in the Fall 2008 issue of Clinical Examples in Radiology, Computed Tomography Angiography is a distinct type of service that includes postprocessing for angiographic reconstructions. In order to report “angiographic reconstructions” the physician needs to use different techniques which can all broadly be classified as 3D techniques. These include maximum intensity pixel (MIP) reconstruction, volume-rendered images, or other 3D techniques. If a referring physician orders a CT study for a vascular indication and the radiologist feels a CTA study is clinically indicated, appropriate documentation of the medical necessity for the CTA is strongly recommended.
Some historical background may help to understand why different information was provided by ACR in 2001. When 2D reformatting and 3D rendering were reported using code 76375 (Coronal, sagittal, multiplanar, oblique, 3-dimensional and/or holographic reconstruction of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or other tomographic modality) the ACR and AMA issued advice that CTA required “angiographic reconstruction” imaging.
The deletion of code 76375 and the introduction of 76376 (3D rendering with interpretation and reporting of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, or other tomographic modality; not requiring image post-processing on an independent workstation) and 76377(3D rendering with interpretation and reporting of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, or other tomographic modality; requiring image post-processing on an independent workstation), raised the bar for CTA studies, and “angiographic reconstruction” was gradually redefined as requiring 3D rendering. With the evolution of scanner capabilities to produce 2D reformatting virtually in real time, it was felt that the 2D reformats should be included in the base procedure code and not separately reported. On the other hand, complex 3D image rendering often requires extensive independent workstation processing by a supervising physician and specially trained technologist.
The CPT codes for CTA have always required angiographic reconstruction. However, “angiographic reconstruction” has not been explicitly defined in CPT. The ACR has interpreted this to parallel CPT definitions of the independent reconstruction code. Previously, the now deleted CPT code 76375 could be used for 2D and/or 3D reconstruction imaging, and that was used as the basis of the definition of angiographic reconstruction imaging. Since CPT codes 76376 and 76377 have been introduced, and have restricted the reporting of reconstruction imaging to 3D, such 3D imaging now serves as the basis of defining angiographic reconstruction imaging.
A: There has been confusion recently after publication of a recent CPT Assistant Q&A regarding the reporting of a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) study. The ACR is in the process of working with the AMA to provide clarification.
Note that when an MRCP study is performed alone, it is appropriate to report one of the MRI of the abdomen codes (74181, 74182 or 74183 depending on whether contrast is administered) and a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction code (76376 or 76377). These codes accurately describe the procedure performed. An MRCP study includes a standard MR of the abdomen, along with maximum intensity projection (MIP) images to better delineate the bile duct anatomy. Therefore, because there are codes that accurately describe the procedure performed, those codes should be reported to describe an MRCP study.
As noted in the July/August 2006 ACR Radiology Coding Source Q&A, if imaging of the abdomen is performed concurrently with an MRCP study, it is appropriate to report one of the MRI of the abdomen codes (74181, 74182, or 74183) plus a 3-D reconstruction code (76376 or 76377). An additional MRI of the abdomen code should not be reported, as performance of an additional sequence or two would be considered part of the base procedure code.
Look for clarification to appear in the August CPT Assistant.